5.1 Product Specifications (Owner-Designed Walls with Product Specifications)

This type of specification assumes that the owner or owner's engineer has designed the wall using the SOIL SCREW^®Retention Wall System. The specification provides all the requirements for the contractor, materials, installation and testing, and refers to completed plans that show the design of the wall and location of all nails.

An example specification is provided in Appendix B. This specification is written for permanent walls and covers excavation and anchor installation. Specifications for a particular facing system should be added or included on the plans.

5.2 Performance Specification (Design-Build Specification with Performance Requirements)

This type of specification assumes a geotechnical investigation has been performed at the site. A review of that investigation shows that soil nailing is feasible and an economical option for the project. The specification is a request from the owner to a design build contractor to provide a bid to design and build the wall based upon design and performance standards and testing requirements set out in the specification.

An example specification is provided in Appendix B

AASHTO Highway Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures (1978), "Manual on Foundation Investigations," American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

Clemence, S.P., Crouch, L.K., and R.W. Stephenson (1994), "Prediction of Uplift Capacity for Helical Anchors in Sand", Proceedings, Second Geotechnical Engineering Conference, Cairo University.

Das, B. M. (1985), "Resistance of Shallow Inclined Anchors in Clay," Proceedings, Uplift Behavior of Anchor Foundations in Soil, ASCE, pp. 86-101.

Federal Highway Administration Publication No. FHWA-SA-93-026, "Recommendations Clouterre 1991 (English Translation)", August , 1993.

Federal Highway Administration Publication No. FHWA-SA-96-069, "Manual for Design and Construction Monitoring of Soil Nail Walls, November 1996.

Federal Highway Administration Publication No. FHWA-SA-96-071, "Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes Design and Construction Guidelines."

Federal Highway Administration Publication No. FHWA-SA-96-072, "Corrosion/ Degradation of Soil Reinforcement for Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes."

Hoshiya, M., and J. N. Mandal (1984), "Some Studies on Anchor Plates in Sand," Soils and Foundations, JSSMFE, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 9-16.

Hoyt, R. M., and S. P. Clemence (1989), "Uplift Capacity of Helical Anchors in Soil," 12^th ICSMFE, Vol. 2, pp. 1019-1022.

Meyerhof, G. G. (1973), "Uplift Resistance of Inclined Anchors and Piles," Proceedings, 8^th ICSMFE, Vol. 2, pp. 167-172.

Mitsch, M. P., and S. P. Clemence (1985), "The Uplift Capacity of Helix Anchors in Sand," Proceedings, Uplift Behavior of Anchor Foundations in Soil, ASCE, pp. 26-47.

Mooney, J. S., Adamczak, S. Jr. and S.P. Clemence. (1985), "Uplift Capacity of Helical Anchors in Clay and Silt," Proceedings, Uplift Behavior of Anchor Foundations in Soil, ASCE, pp. 48-72.

Rapaport, V., and A. G. Young (1985), "Uplift Capacity of Shallow Offshore Foundations, " Proceedings, Uplift Behavior of Anchor Foundations in Soil, ASCE, pp. 73-85.

Stewart, W. (1985), "Uplift Capacity of Circular Plate Anchors in Layered Soil," Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 22, pp. 589-592.

Yilmaz, M., and T. H. Hanna (1971), "The Interaction of Groups of Anchors in Sand," Symposium on the Interaction of Structure and Foundation, Birmingham, England, pp. 196-205.